The Nieborgh, Poortugaal, Netherlands Budget 10k Euro
Latitude = 51.8660, Longitude = 4.3942
Lat = 51 degrees, 52.0 minutes North
Long = 4 degrees, 23.7 minutes East
The owner of this house wants to know what can be done with todays technology to eliminate as much emissions as possible.
Because it houses two families this house uses 4315 m2 Gas and 5640 kWh Electricity per annum.
The carbon emissions from electricity can be easily eliminated by switching to a green power supplier and vanzari auto.
It has a South facing facade of 23 meters wide.
Resources
Insolation at 51 degrees lattitude (with clear sky).
Daylight hours at 51 degrees lattitude.
This house has its own grounds, it has a wide south facing facade and it has some room internally.
Average power use
Solar for PV:
For the average house
Insolation is about 1025-1040 sunhours per year. This site is fairly representative. It shows that one can have a yield of 980 Kwh/Kwp or in their case (2700 Wp) 2646 Kwh from pv annually in that location. To reach the average of 3500 kWh using PV would require a 3,600 Kwp installation costing about Euro 9,873 (including inverter, not including installation).
For this house
Annual use is 5640 kWh. To approach that one needs PV capacity of 5755, but that would end up above the budget of
10K, the payback with subsidies is reasonable however so lets takt the example. It would require 29,5 m2 or less than the width of the house.
Using the rule of thumb of 2.75 Euro/Wp one would be able to achieve about 3,600 kWp.
Self made panels
Self made panels can be integrated in a sunscreen and be made for less than commercial panels.
1 meter by 1.2 meter panels with 5 cm margins for support.
6 x 7 would be .954 x 1.113 be about 147 Watt per panel 23 panelen totaal 3381 Wp
6 x 8 would be .954 x 1.272 be about 168 Watt per panel 23 panelen totaal 3864 Wp
6 x 7 met 42 cellen per paneel betekent ongeveer 240 Euro per paneel by 2 Euro/Watt
Panelen kosten zijn dan 2760 voor panelen
Omvormer kost ongeveer 2179
Teruglever meter 100 Euro
Bekabeling 150 Euro
Totaal is 5189 of 1.8 Euro per Watt, marktprijs is 2.8 Euro/Watt
Example 5,080 kWp
Wp per panel 280
Nr panels 18
Total Wp 5080
SDE 5,080 Wp x 850 kWh/KWp x 47.4 ct = 2046.73 Euro per jaar
Panels 2.75 Euro/Wp (incl btw)
Panels total 13,999.00 Euro
Installation 0 Euro
E Meter 186.00*
Misc Installlation 200.00*
Total 14385.00
Payback 7 years
SDE valid 15 years
Panels life 25 years
Profit SDE (15jr) 15 x 2046.73 - 14385.00 = 16315.95 Euro
Profit life (25jr) 5,080 x 980 kWh/Kwp x 20 ct/kWh* = 9956.8
But panels can last 50 years
Solar for Heat:
Tubes: 1 GJ is equivalent to 28,4 m3 natural gas. An average house uses 1500 m2 per year, so it requires 52,81 Gj per annum. These systems can give 1,2 - 2,0 GJ/m2, so there would be a need for about 26 m2 of solar boiler surface. This can be achieved in the 23 meters of the facade, with 2 meter 45 degree extentions. The question is whether this is most cost effective.
| Item | Bedrag | |
| 30 tubes van 1,8 m 5,125 GJ 5,1 m2 | 990 | |
| 200 liter tank with 2 heat exchangers | 850 | |
| Pomp and expansiontank | 300 | |
| Control Unit | 116 | |
| Total | 2256 | |
| Met Subsidie = 200 x 5,125 | 1231 | |
| Yearly yield = 5,125 x 33,- | 169 | |
| Return | 7 1/2 Year |
Using the 980 kWh full sun hours for PV we can calculate that per m2 the yield would be 980 kWh per year. Using 23 x 1,5 meters of mirrors one would arrive at 33,81 MWh per year, but that would be passive non tracking. Using tracking the yield is about 20% more so 40,57 MWh thermal. This is 144 Gj. Of course there are losses.
Panels: This alternative to vacuum tubes panels could be used, but they are relatively expensive and deliver lower temperatures.
Heliostats
Heliostats : Heliostats on the sun side may be a cheaper option than tubes. Below an image of how tha sunlight would be concentrated and caught, either stored in summer or used directly in winter. The combined power of 23 x1,5 = 34,5 msqr heliostats would be about 20 kw on a sunny day, with an annual yield
of 19600 kWh, 0r 70,75 Gj of heat to be stored. It could drive a steam turbine to generate electricity, altough those are relatively inefficient (12%).
Solar Heat Storage:
Heat storage can be used to feed a heat pump or for direct use.
horizontale grondwarmte opslag
Another way is to use burried water tanks. Water stores 270 Mj heat per m3.
Heat can be stored at a depth of 0,6-1,2 meters under the carport or terras. This requires digging and piping.
Heatpumps: Heatpumps use electricity and are relatively expensive.
Wind: Wind about 5 m/s on average
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